KIproBatt Wiki - User contributions [en]

Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Electrolyte Filling

2021-11-16T13:32:47Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Cell manufacturing/Electrolyte Filling
|description====Production process===

*Electrolyte filling follows the packaging process
*The electrolyte filling process consists of the two sub-processes "filling" and "wetting"
*Filling: Electrolyte is filled into the cell under vacuum
*Wetting: By supplying gas and/or generating a vacuum, the capillary effect in the cell is activated
*Evacuation and partial filling repeated several times
*Pouch foil is sealed under vacuum
*Electrolyte is usually a purchased substance; sets high requirements on process environment (fire protection, extraction, etc.)

===Process parameters & requirements===

*Geometry of the dosing needle
*Working pressure: approx. 0.01 mbar
*Homogeneous electrolyte distribution
*Necessity of very dry environment
*Control of electrolyte quantity

===Quality influences===

*Dosing method
*Geometry and closing mechanism of dosing
*Electrolyte transport system

===Quality features===

*Dosing and distribution accuracy of electrolyte in the cell
*Electrolyte residues in the sealing seam
*Tightness of the sealed cell

===Source===
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
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[[Category:Glossary Entry]]

KPI

2021-11-14T19:07:52Z

Christina Leinauer:

==Cluster-KPIs==
 
====OEE-Potential====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by improving the quality factors:

*Reduction of scrap parts
*Reduction of reworking parts
*Integration of real-time sensor data

<math>OEE = Availability \times Performance \times Quality</math>

<math>Availability = \frac{\text{actual production time}}{\text{possible production time}} \times 100</math>

<math>Performance = \frac{\text{actual output}}{\text{possible output}} \times 100</math>

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{flawless products}}{\text{actual output}} \times 100</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{no. produced parts - (no. rework + no. scrap)}}{\text{no. produced parts}}</math>

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The quality parameter should be increased by approx. 5%.

====TCO-Potential====

The KIproBatt project aims at decreasing the Total Cost of Operations (TCO) by improving the subsequent factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption
*Cost of operating materials (e.g., reduction in the use of operating materials, avoidance of waste)
*Integration of real-time sensor data

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

By using the reference process in the forming process, the energy consumption and the associated energy costs are already reduced compared to the original process. Energy consumption is thus reduced by approx. 2% (20% reduction in energy consumption in the forming process, 9.4% share of forming in total energy consumption).

'''Target value'''

The TCO should be decreased with respect to two factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption by approx. 5%.
*Reduction of costs of operating materials by approx. 5% (see 3^rd Project-KPI)

==Project-KPIs==

====Material consumption per unit====
Models can be used to estimate the amount of electrolyte required and to reduce it. In contrast to the active material, a greater potential for reduction is seen here, since the active material has a direct influence on the energy content of the cell.
→ Contributes to the reduction of production costs (not listed in OEE/TCO).

'''Base value'''

Electrolyte consumption of 4 ml per 870 mAh cell

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The material consumption per unit should be reduced to by approx. 12.5%. The target value for electrolyte consumption is 3.5 ml per 870 mAh cell.

====Share of digital interfaces====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the share of digital interfaces that are integrated in the production process. This share is measured by combining two factors:

*Share of data points that are recorded for a single cell.
*Share of data points that is assigned to a single cell without human intervention (automatically).
<math>\text{KPI2}=\frac{\text{no. recorded data points}}{\text{no. considered parameters}}\times\frac{\text{no. assigend data points}}{\text{no. considered parameters}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the data point assessment prior to installation of additional sensors and the total number of data points included in the project's process impact matrix.
*Recorded data points: 52%
*Automatically assigned data points: 23%

'''Current state'''
{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]]
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*Total Parameters: [[HasParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] |format=count}}]]

*Unrecorded Parameters: [[HasUnrecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Unrecorded]] |format=count}}]]

*Recorded Parameters: [[HasRecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Manual]] OR [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}]]

*Manually Recorded Parameters: [[HasManuallyRecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Manual]] |format=count}}]]

*Automatically Recorded Parameters: [[HasAutomaticallyRecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}]]

*Recorded data points (Recorded/Total): [[HasKPIDatasets::{{#expr:
{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Manual]] OR [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}
/ {{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] |format=count}}
round 2 }}]]

*Automatically assigned data points (Automatically Recorded/Total): [[HasKPIDatasets::{{#expr:
{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}
/ {{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] |format=count}}
round 2 }}]]

'''Target value'''

*Recorded data points: 92%
*Automatically assigned data points: 90%

===Variable production costs===
Production costs are made up of several variable costs. In the context of the project, the energy, material, scrap and manufacturing costs are considered.
<math>\text{KPI3}=\frac{\text{total var. production costs}}{\text{costs for flawless batteries}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the assumption of having 10% scrap products (KPI 3 ≈ 1.11). The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The variable production costs should be reduced by approx. 5% (KPI 3 ≈ 1.05).

==Literature==
Rao et al.: Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Battery Industries through Total Productive Maintenance, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2017)

Pettinger, K.-H.; Dong, W.: When Does the Operation of a Battery Become Environmentally Positive? Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 (2017)

KPI

2021-11-14T19:04:44Z

Christina Leinauer:

==Cluster-KPIs==
 
====OEE-Potential====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by improving the quality factors:

*Reduction of scrap parts
*Reduction of reworking parts
*Integration of real-time sensor data

<math>OEE = Availability \times Performance \times Quality</math>

<math>Availability = \frac{\text{actual production time}}{\text{possible production time}} \times 100</math>

<math>Performance = \frac{\text{actual output}}{\text{possible output}} \times 100</math>

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{flawless products}}{\text{actual output}} \times 100</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{no. produced parts - (no. rework + no. scrap)}}{\text{no. produced parts}}</math>

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The quality parameter should be increased by approx. 5%.

====TCO-Potential====

The KIproBatt project aims at decreasing the Total Cost of Operations (TCO) by improving the subsequent factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption
*Cost of operating materials (e.g., reduction in the use of operating materials, avoidance of waste)
*Integration of real-time sensor data

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

By using the reference process in the forming process, the energy consumption and the associated energy costs are already reduced compared to the original process. Energy consumption is thus reduced by approx. 2% (20% reduction in energy consumption in the forming process, 9.4% share of forming in total energy consumption).

'''Target value'''

The TCO should be decreased with respect to two factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption by approx. 5%.
*Reduction of costs of operating materials by approx. 5% (see 3^rd Project-KPI)

==Project-KPIs==

====Material consumption per unit====
Models can be used to estimate the amount of electrolyte required and to reduce it. In contrast to the active material, a greater potential for reduction is seen here, since the active material has a direct influence on the energy content of the cell.
→ Contributes to the reduction of production costs (not listed in OEE/TCO).

'''Base value'''

Electrolyte consumption of 4 ml per 870 mAh cell

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The material consumption per unit should be reduced to by approx. 12.5%. The target value for electrolyte consumption is 3.5 ml per 870 mAh cell.

====Share of digital interfaces====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the share of digital interfaces that are integrated in the production process. This share is measured by combining two factors:

*Share of data points that are recorded for a single cell.
*Share of data points that is assigned to a single cell without human intervention (automatically).
<math>\text{KPI2}=\frac{\text{no. recorded data points}}{\text{no. considered parameters}}\times\frac{\text{no. assigend data points}}{\text{no. considered parameters}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the data point assessment prior to installation of additional sensors and the total number of data points included in the project's process impact matrix.
*Recorded data points: 52%
*Automatically assigned data points: 23%

'''Current state'''

*Recorded data points: 80%, improvement by 54%
*Automatically assigned data points: 40%, improvement by 74%

'''Target value'''

*Recorded data points: 92%
*Automatically assigned data points: 90%

{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]]
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Total Parameters: [[HasParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] |format=count}}]]

Unrecorded Parameters: [[HasUnrecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Unrecorded]] |format=count}}]]

Recorded Parameters: [[HasRecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Manual]] OR [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}]]

Manually Recorded Parameters: [[HasManuallyRecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Manual]] |format=count}}]]

Automatically Recorded Parameters: [[HasAutomaticallyRecordedParameterCount::{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}]]

KPI Datasets (Recorded/Total): [[HasKPIDatasets::{{#expr:
{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Manual]] OR [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}
/ {{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] |format=count}}
round 2 }}]]

KPI Digital (Automatically Recorded/Total): [[HasKPIDatasets::{{#expr:
{{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] [[HasType::ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic]] |format=count}}
/ {{#ask: [[-has parameter.-has part::Fraunhofer_ISC/Processes/KIproBatt_v1/Process]] |format=count}}
round 2 }}]]

===Variable production costs===
Production costs are made up of several variable costs. In the context of the project, the energy, material, scrap and manufacturing costs are considered.
<math>\text{KPI3}=\frac{\text{total var. production costs}}{\text{costs for flawless batteries}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the assumption of having 10% scrap products (KPI 3 ≈ 1.11). The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The variable production costs should be reduced by approx. 5% (KPI 3 ≈ 1.05).

==Literature==
Rao et al.: Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Battery Industries through Total Productive Maintenance, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2017)

Pettinger, K.-H.; Dong, W.: When Does the Operation of a Battery Become Environmentally Positive? Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 (2017)

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Stacking/Coating edge

2021-11-14T19:01:57Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Stacking/Appearance

2021-11-14T19:00:46Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Stacking/Weight

2021-11-14T19:00:36Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Stacking/Ambient conditions

2021-11-14T18:59:42Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Stacking/Stacking accuracy

2021-11-14T18:58:33Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Batch

2021-11-14T18:56:54Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Date

2021-11-14T18:56:37Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Electrode type

2021-11-14T18:56:22Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Specific mass loading

2021-11-14T18:55:20Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Thickness

2021-11-14T18:55:01Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Defects

2021-11-14T18:54:48Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Coating edge

2021-11-14T18:54:23Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Porosity

2021-11-14T18:53:19Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Separation/Appearance

2021-11-14T18:52:10Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/Temperature

2021-11-14T18:48:28Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/First cycle efficiency

2021-11-14T18:47:56Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/Coulombic effiency

2021-11-14T18:46:45Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/Capacity

2021-11-14T18:46:05Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/Procedure

2021-11-14T18:45:18Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/OCV

2021-11-14T18:44:41Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Formation/Cell temperature

2021-11-14T18:44:17Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Filling/Pressure

2021-11-14T18:41:50Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Filling/Temperature

2021-11-14T18:41:35Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Filling/Electrolyte quantity

2021-11-14T18:41:26Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Filling/Wetting time

2021-11-14T18:40:11Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/EoL test/Nominal capacity

2021-11-14T18:39:10Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/EoL test/Identification of components

2021-11-14T18:38:45Z

Christina Leinauer:

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Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/EoL test/Impedance

2021-11-14T18:38:22Z

Christina Leinauer:

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|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Unrecorded
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/EoL test/Voltage

2021-11-14T18:38:05Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=EoL test/Voltage
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Unrecorded
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/EoL test/Image

2021-11-14T18:35:57Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=EoL test/Image
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Drying/Duration

2021-11-14T18:34:54Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Drying/Duration
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Degassing/Pressure at sealing

2021-11-14T18:33:38Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Degassing/Pressure at sealing
|description=as an indicator for residual gas volume
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Manual
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Degassing/Gas volume

2021-11-14T18:33:15Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Degassing/Gas volume
|description=as an indicator for residual humidty)
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Manual
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Cyclization/Performance test

2021-11-14T18:32:08Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Cyclization/Performance test
|description=alternativ: rate capability test
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Cyclization/Capacity development

2021-11-14T18:31:43Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Cyclization/Capacity development
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Impedance

2021-11-14T17:09:57Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Impedance
|description=internal resistance/EIS
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Unrecorded
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Consumed energy

2021-11-14T17:08:25Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Consumed energy
|description=during aging (Wh/cell)
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Capacity development

2021-11-14T17:07:24Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Capacity development
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Volume change

2021-11-14T17:06:11Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Volume change
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Unrecorded
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Coulombic efficiency

2021-11-14T17:03:40Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Coulombic efficiency
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Procedure

2021-11-14T17:02:31Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Procedure
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

Fraunhofer ISC/Processes/KIproBatt v1/Parameter/Aging/Cell temperature

2021-11-14T16:57:41Z

Christina Leinauer:

{{Semantic Element
|label=Aging/Cell temperature
|relations={{Semantic Link
|property=Is a
|value=Process parameter
}}{{Semantic Link
|property=HasType
|value=ParameterType/Recorded/Automatic
}}
}}

KPI

2021-11-14T16:45:07Z

Christina Leinauer:

==Cluster-KPIs==
 
====OEE-Potential====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by improving the quality factors:

*Reduction of scrap parts
*Reduction of reworking parts
*Integration of real-time sensor data

<math>OEE = Availability \times Performance \times Quality</math>

<math>Availability = \frac{\text{actual production time}}{\text{possible production time}} \times 100</math>

<math>Performance = \frac{\text{actual output}}{\text{possible output}} \times 100</math>

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{flawless products}}{\text{actual output}} \times 100</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{no. produced parts - (no. rework + no. scrap)}}{\text{no. produced parts}}</math>

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The quality parameter should be increased by approx. 5%.

====TCO-Potential====

The KIproBatt project aims at decreasing the Total Cost of Operations (TCO) by improving the subsequent factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption
*Cost of operating materials (e.g., reduction in the use of operating materials, avoidance of waste)
*Integration of real-time sensor data

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

By using the reference process in the forming process, the energy consumption and the associated energy costs are already reduced compared to the original process. Energy consumption is thus reduced by approx. 2% (20% reduction in energy consumption in the forming process, 9.4% share of forming in total energy consumption).

'''Target value'''

The TCO should be decreased with respect to two factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption by approx. 5%.
*Reduction of costs of operating materials by approx. 5% (see 3^rd Project-KPI)

==Project-KPIs==

====Material consumption per unit====
Models can be used to estimate the amount of electrolyte required and to reduce it. In contrast to the active material, a greater potential for reduction is seen here, since the active material has a direct influence on the energy content of the cell.
→ Contributes to the reduction of production costs (not listed in OEE/TCO).

'''Base value'''

Electrolyte consumption of 4 ml per 870 mAh cell

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The material consumption per unit should be reduced to by approx. 12.5%. The target value for electrolyte consumption is 3.5 ml per 870 mAh cell.

====Share of digital interfaces====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the share of digital interfaces that are integrated in the production process. This share is measured by combining two factors:

*Share of data points that are recorded for a single cell.
*Share of data points that is assigned to a single cell without human intervention (automatically).
<math>\text{KPI2}=\frac{\text{no. recorded data points}}{\text{no. considered parameters}}\times\frac{\text{no. assigend data points}}{\text{no. considered parameters}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the data point assessment prior to installation of additional sensors and the total number of data points included in the project's process impact matrix.
*Recorded data points: 52%
*Automatically assigned data points: 23%

'''Current state'''

*Recorded data points: 80%, improvement by 54%
*Automatically assigned data points: 40%, improvement by 74%

'''Target value'''

*Recorded data points: 92%
*Automatically assigned data points: 90%

===Variable production costs===
Production costs are made up of several variable costs. In the context of the project, the energy, material, scrap and manufacturing costs are considered.
<math>\text{KPI3}=\frac{\text{total var. production costs}}{\text{costs for flawless batteries}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the assumption of having 10% scrap products (KPI 3 ≈ 1.11). The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The variable production costs should be reduced by approx. 5% (KPI 3 ≈ 1.05).

==Literature==
Rao et al.: Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Battery Industries through Total Productive Maintenance, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2017)

Pettinger, K.-H.; Dong, W.: When Does the Operation of a Battery Become Environmentally Positive? Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 (2017)

KPI

2021-11-14T16:43:36Z

Christina Leinauer:

==Cluster-KPIs==
 
====OEE-Potential====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by improving the quality factors:

*Reduction of scrap parts
*Reduction of reworking parts
*Integration of real-time sensor data

<math>OEE = Availability \times Performance \times Quality</math>

<math>Availability = \frac{\text{actual production time}}{\text{possible production time}} \times 100</math>

<math>Performance = \frac{\text{actual output}}{\text{possible output}} \times 100</math>

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{flawless products}}{\text{actual output}} \times 100</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{no. produced parts - (no. rework + no. scrap)}}{\text{no. produced parts}}</math>

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The quality parameter should be increased by approx. 5%.

====TCO-Potential====

The KIproBatt project aims at decreasing the Total Cost of Operations (TCO) by improving the subsequent factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption
*Cost of operating materials (e.g., reduction in the use of operating materials, avoidance of waste)
*Integration of real-time sensor data

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

By using the reference process in the forming process, the energy consumption and the associated energy costs are already reduced compared to the original process. Energy consumption is thus reduced by approx. 2% (20% reduction in energy consumption in the forming process, 9.4% share of forming in total energy consumption).

'''Target value'''

The TCO should be decreased with respect to two factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption by approx. 5%.
*Reduction of costs of operating materials by approx. 5% (see 3^rd Project-KPI)

==Project-KPIs==

====Material consumption per unit====
Models can be used to estimate the amount of electrolyte required and to reduce it. In contrast to the active material, a greater potential for reduction is seen here, since the active material has a direct influence on the energy content of the cell.
→ Contributes to the reduction of production costs (not listed in OEE/TCO).

'''Base value'''

Electrolyte consumption of 4 ml per 870 mAh cell

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The material consumption per unit should be reduced to by approx. 12.5%. The target value for electrolyte consumption is 3.5 ml per 870 mAh cell.

====Share of digital interfaces====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the share of digital interfaces that are integrated in the production process. This share is measured by combining two factors:

*Share of data points that are recorded for a single cell.
*Share of data points that is assigned to a single cell without human intervention (automatically).
<math>\text{KPI2}=\frac{\text{no. recorded data points}}{{\text{no. considered parameters}}\times\frac{\text{no. assigend data points}}{{\text{no. considered parameters}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the data point assessment prior to installation of additional sensors and the total number of data points included in the project's process impact matrix.
*Recorded data points: 52%
*Automatically assigned data points: 23%

'''Current state'''

*Recorded data points: 80%, improvement by 54%
*Automatically assigned data points: 40%, improvement by 74%

'''Target value'''

*Recorded data points: 92%
*Automatically assigned data points: 90%

===Variable production costs===
Production costs are made up of several variable costs. In the context of the project, the energy, material, scrap and manufacturing costs are considered.
<math>\text{KPI3}=\frac{\text{total var. production costs}}{{\text{costs for flawless batteries}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the assumption of having 10% scrap products (KPI 3 ≈ 1.11). The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The variable production costs should be reduced by approx. 5% (KPI 3 ≈ 1.05).

==Literature==
Rao et al.: Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Battery Industries through Total Productive Maintenance, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2017)

Pettinger, K.-H.; Dong, W.: When Does the Operation of a Battery Become Environmentally Positive? Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 (2017)

KPI

2021-11-14T16:42:42Z

Christina Leinauer:

==Cluster-KPIs==
 
====OEE-Potential====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by improving the quality factors:

*Reduction of scrap parts
*Reduction of reworking parts
*Integration of real-time sensor data

<math>OEE = Availability \times Performance \times Quality</math>

<math>Availability = \frac{\text{actual production time}}{\text{possible production time}} \times 100</math>

<math>Performance = \frac{\text{actual output}}{\text{possible output}} \times 100</math>

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{flawless products}}{\text{actual output}} \times 100</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{no. produced parts - (no. rework + no. scrap)}}{\text{no. produced parts}}</math>

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The quality parameter should be increased by approx. 5%.

====TCO-Potential====

The KIproBatt project aims at decreasing the Total Cost of Operations (TCO) by improving the subsequent factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption
*Cost of operating materials (e.g., reduction in the use of operating materials, avoidance of waste)
*Integration of real-time sensor data

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

By using the reference process in the forming process, the energy consumption and the associated energy costs are already reduced compared to the original process. Energy consumption is thus reduced by approx. 2% (20% reduction in energy consumption in the forming process, 9.4% share of forming in total energy consumption).

'''Target value'''

The TCO should be decreased with respect to two factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption by approx. 5%.
*Reduction of costs of operating materials by approx. 5% (see 3^rd Project-KPI)

==Project-KPIs==

====Material consumption per unit====
Models can be used to estimate the amount of electrolyte required and to reduce it. In contrast to the active material, a greater potential for reduction is seen here, since the active material has a direct influence on the energy content of the cell.
→ Contributes to the reduction of production costs (not listed in OEE/TCO).

'''Base value'''

Electrolyte consumption of 4 ml per 870 mAh cell

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The material consumption per unit should be reduced to by approx. 12.5%. The target value for electrolyte consumption is 3.5 ml per 870 mAh cell.

====Share of digital interfaces====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the share of digital interfaces that are integrated in the production process. This share is measured by combining two factors:

*Share of data points that are recorded for a single cell.
*Share of data points that is assigned to a single cell without human intervention (automatically).
<math>\text{KPI2}=\frac{\text{no. recorded data points}{\text{no. considered parameters}}\times\frac{\text{no. assigend data points}{\text{no. considered parameters}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the data point assessment prior to installation of additional sensors and the total number of data points included in the project's process impact matrix.
*Recorded data points: 52%
*Automatically assigned data points: 23%

'''Current state'''

*Recorded data points: 80%, improvement by 54%
*Automatically assigned data points: 40%, improvement by 74%

'''Target value'''

*Recorded data points: 92%
*Automatically assigned data points: 90%

===Variable production costs===
Production costs are made up of several variable costs. In the context of the project, the energy, material, scrap and manufacturing costs are considered.
<math>\text{KPI3}=\frac{\text{total var. production costs}{\text{costs for flawless batteries}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the assumption of having 10% scrap products (KPI 3 ≈ 1.11). The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The variable production costs should be reduced by approx. 5% (KPI 3 ≈ 1.05).

==Literature==
Rao et al.: Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Battery Industries through Total Productive Maintenance, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2017)

Pettinger, K.-H.; Dong, W.: When Does the Operation of a Battery Become Environmentally Positive? Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 (2017)

KPI

2021-11-14T16:41:57Z

Christina Leinauer:

==Cluster-KPIs==
 
====OEE-Potential====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by improving the quality factors:

*Reduction of scrap parts
*Reduction of reworking parts
*Integration of real-time sensor data

<math>OEE = Availability \times Performance \times Quality</math>

<math>Availability = \frac{\text{actual production time}}{\text{possible production time}} \times 100</math>

<math>Performance = \frac{\text{actual output}}{\text{possible output}} \times 100</math>

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{flawless products}}{\text{actual output}} \times 100</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

<math>Quality = \frac{\text{no. produced parts - (no. rework + no. scrap)}}{\text{no. produced parts}}</math>

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The quality parameter should be increased by approx. 5%.

====TCO-Potential====

The KIproBatt project aims at decreasing the Total Cost of Operations (TCO) by improving the subsequent factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption
*Cost of operating materials (e.g., reduction in the use of operating materials, avoidance of waste)
*Integration of real-time sensor data

'''Base value'''

The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

By using the reference process in the forming process, the energy consumption and the associated energy costs are already reduced compared to the original process. Energy consumption is thus reduced by approx. 2% (20% reduction in energy consumption in the forming process, 9.4% share of forming in total energy consumption).

'''Target value'''

The TCO should be decreased with respect to two factors:

*Reduction of energy consumption by approx. 5%.
*Reduction of costs of operating materials by approx. 5% (see 3^rd Project-KPI)

==Project-KPIs==

====Material consumption per unit====
Models can be used to estimate the amount of electrolyte required and to reduce it. In contrast to the active material, a greater potential for reduction is seen here, since the active material has a direct influence on the energy content of the cell.
→ Contributes to the reduction of production costs (not listed in OEE/TCO).

'''Base value'''

Electrolyte consumption of 4 ml per 870 mAh cell

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The material consumption per unit should be reduced to by approx. 12.5%. The target value for electrolyte consumption is 3.5 ml per 870 mAh cell.

====Share of digital interfaces====
The KIproBatt project aims at increasing the share of digital interfaces that are integrated in the production process. This share is measured by combining two factors:

*Share of data points that are recorded for a single cell.
*Share of data points that is assigned to a single cell without human intervention (automatically).
<math>KPI2=\frac{\text{no. recorded data points}{\text{no. considered parameters}}\times\frac{\text{no. assigend data points}{\text{no. considered parameters}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the data point assessment prior to installation of additional sensors and the total number of data points included in the project's process impact matrix.
*Recorded data points: 52%
*Automatically assigned data points: 23%

'''Current state'''

*Recorded data points: 80%, improvement by 54%
*Automatically assigned data points: 40%, improvement by 74%

'''Target value'''

*Recorded data points: 92%
*Automatically assigned data points: 90%

===Variable production costs===
Production costs are made up of several variable costs. In the context of the project, the energy, material, scrap and manufacturing costs are considered.
<math>KPI3=\frac{\text{total var. production costs}{\text{costs for flawless batteries}}</math>

'''Base value'''

The base value stems from the assumption of having 10% scrap products (KPI 3 ≈ 1.11). The base value for the laboratory battery production process is to be determined on the basis of the first battery batch produced (approx. 50 batteries).

'''Current state'''

No improvement achieved yet, as laboratory battery production has not yet started.

'''Target value'''

The variable production costs should be reduced by approx. 5% (KPI 3 ≈ 1.05).

==Literature==
Rao et al.: Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Battery Industries through Total Productive Maintenance, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2017)

Pettinger, K.-H.; Dong, W.: When Does the Operation of a Battery Become Environmentally Positive? Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164 (2017)

KPI

2021-11-14T16:28:45Z

Christina Leinauer: