Cell manufacturing/Formation

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< Battery value chain‎ | Process‎ | Cell manufacturingBattery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Formation
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|label=Cell manufacturing/Formation
 
|label=Cell manufacturing/Formation
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|description===Production process==
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|description=
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===Production process===
  
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*The formation describes the first charging and discharging processes of the battery cell.
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*Formation is first charging and discharging processes of the cell
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*For formation, the cells are put in special good carriers in formation racks and contacted by spring-loaded contact pins.
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*Cells are stored in formation racks and contacted by spring-loaded contact pins
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*The cells are then charged or discharged according to precisely defined current and voltage curves.
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*Cells are charged / discharged according to predefined current and voltage curves
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*During formation, lithium ions are embedded in the crystal structure of the graphite on the anode side. Here the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) is formed, which creates a interface layer between the electrolyte and the electrode.
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*During formation, lithium ions are embedded in the crystal structure of the graphite on the anode side which leads to formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI); SEI creates an interface layer between electrolyte and electrode
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*The parameters during formation vary depending on the cell manufacturer and have a high impact on cell performance. They depend on the cell concept and chemistry and represent the core knowledge of a cell manufacturer.
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*Parameters during formation have high impact on cell performance
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*In some cases, pouch cells in particular are pressurised during formation by special good carriers.
 
  
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==Process parameters & requirements==
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===Process parameters & requirements===
  
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*First charge: approx. 0.1 C - 0.5 C; State of Charge (SOC) approx. 20 % - 80 %
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*First charge: approx. 0.1 C - 0.5 C; SOC approx. 20 % - 80 %
 
*Successive increase in C-rates with each charging and discharging cycle
 
*Successive increase in C-rates with each charging and discharging cycle
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*Duration of formation process: up to 24 h
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*Duration: up to 24 h
 
*Low contact resistances at the spring-loaded contact pins
 
*Low contact resistances at the spring-loaded contact pins
  
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==Technology alternatives==
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===Technology alternatives===
  
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*There are different procedures for the formation depending on the cell manufacturer and cell chemistry.
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*Different formation procedures  
  
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==Quality influences==
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===Quality influences===
  
 
*Orientation of the cells
 
*Orientation of the cells
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*Pressurisation, especially of pouch cells
 
*Pressurisation, especially of pouch cells
  
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==Quality features==
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===Quality features===
  
 
*Formation of the SEI layer
 
*Formation of the SEI layer
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*Internal resistance of the cell
 
*Internal resistance of the cell
  
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==Source==
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===Source===
 
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
 
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
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|relations={{Semantic Link
 
|relations={{Semantic Link
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|property=Has predecessor
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|property=HasPredecessor
 
|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Electrolyte Filling
 
|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Electrolyte Filling
 
}}{{Semantic Link
 
}}{{Semantic Link
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|property=Has successor
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|property=HasSuccessor
 
|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Degassing
 
|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Degassing
 
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Latest revision as of 05:18, 4 September 2022


Description

Production process

  • Formation is first charging and discharging processes of the cell
  • Cells are stored in formation racks and contacted by spring-loaded contact pins
  • Cells are charged / discharged according to predefined current and voltage curves
  • During formation, lithium ions are embedded in the crystal structure of the graphite on the anode side which leads to formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI); SEI creates an interface layer between electrolyte and electrode
  • Parameters during formation have high impact on cell performance

Process parameters & requirements

  • First charge: approx. 0.1 C - 0.5 C; SOC approx. 20 % - 80 %
  • Successive increase in C-rates with each charging and discharging cycle
  • Duration: up to 24 h
  • Low contact resistances at the spring-loaded contact pins

Technology alternatives

  • Different formation procedures

Quality influences

  • Orientation of the cells
  • Contact method
  • Process temperature
  • Pressurisation, especially of pouch cells

Quality features

  • Formation of the SEI layer
  • Stability of the SEI layer
  • Internal resistance of the cell

Source

Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7


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