Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Stacking

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Description

Production process

• Separated electrode sheets are stacked in a repeating cycle of anode, separator, cathode, separator, etc.
• Classic variant of stacking is the so-called Z-folding
• Anode and cathode sheets are inserted alternately from the left and right into the z-shaped folded separator; separator is used as endless tape and cut off after the stacking process is completed
• Finalized cell stack is fixed with adhesive tape
• Sheets are transported and positioned by vacuum grippers
• Depending on cell specification, the cell stack consists of a specific number of individual layers

Process parameters & requirements

• Z-Falter Fraunhofer ISC.jpg

  Z-Folder @ Fraunhofer ISC

• Z-Falter Fraunhofer ISC Progress.jpg

  Z-Folder during stacking

• Z-Falter Fraunhofer ISC Result.jpg

  Resulting electrode stack

• Z-folding: Individual anode and cathode sheets are placed laterally in the Z-folded separator web
• Stacking accuracy: ± 200 μm - 300 μm

Technology alternatives

• Lamination process: The individual electrode and separator sheets are laminated onto each other in a continuous process and are then usually pressed together by a heat press.
• Pocket Stacking: The cathode sheets are placed in a separator pocket. Afterwards cathode and anode sheets are stacked alternately.

Quality influences

• Exact positioning of individual sheets as central quality criterion.
• Position detection and alignment of sheets of different sizes with a vacuum gripper
• Mechanical pre-tensioning of the separator

Quality features

• Positioning accuracy of the anode and cathode sheets
• Damage-free electrode surfaces and edges
• Avoidance of electrostatic charging

Source

Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7

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Subject	Property	Object
Cell manufacturing/Stacking	HasPredecessor	Cell manufacturing/Vacuum Drying
Cell manufacturing/Stacking	HasSuccessor	Cell manufacturing/Packaging

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