Cell manufacturing/Stacking

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< Battery value chain‎ | Process‎ | Cell manufacturingBattery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Stacking


Description

Production process

  • Separated electrode sheets are stacked in a repeating cycle of anode, separator, cathode, separator, etc.
  • Classic variant of stacking is the so-called Z-folding
  • Anode and cathode sheets are inserted alternately from the left and right into the z-shaped folded separator; separator is used as endless tape and cut off after the stacking process is completed
  • Finalized cell stack is fixed with adhesive tape
  • Sheets are transported and positioned by vacuum grippers
  • Depending on cell specification, the cell stack consists of a specific number of individual layers

Process parameters & requirements

  • Z-folding: Individual anode and cathode sheets are placed laterally in the Z-folded separator web
  • Stacking accuracy: ± 200 μm - 300 μm

Technology alternatives

  • Lamination process: The individual electrode and separator sheets are laminated onto each other in a continuous process and are then usually pressed together by a heat press.
  • Pocket Stacking: The cathode sheets are placed in a separator pocket. Afterwards cathode and anode sheets are stacked alternately.

Quality influences

  • Exact positioning of individual sheets as central quality criterion.
  • Position detection and alignment of sheets of different sizes with a vacuum gripper
  • Mechanical pre-tensioning of the separator

Quality features

  • Positioning accuracy of the anode and cathode sheets
  • Damage-free electrode surfaces and edges
  • Avoidance of electrostatic charging

Source

Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7


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