Cell manufacturing/Stacking

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< Battery value chain‎ | Process‎ | Cell manufacturingBattery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Stacking
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|label=Cell manufacturing/Stacking
 
|label=Cell manufacturing/Stacking
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|description===Production process==
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|description=
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===Production process===
  
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*During the stacking process the separated electrode sheets are stacked in a repeating cycle of anode, separator, cathode, separator, etc.
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*Separated electrode sheets are stacked in a repeating cycle of anode, separator, cathode, separator, etc.
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*A wide variety of stacking technologies exist, which are usually patented by specific manufacturers.
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*Classic variant of stacking is the so-called Z-folding
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*A classic variant of stacking is the so-called Z-folding.
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*Anode and cathode sheets are inserted alternately from the left and right into the z-shaped folded separator; separator is used as endless tape and cut off after the stacking process is completed
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*The anode and cathode sheets are inserted alternately from the left and right into the z-shaped folded separator. The separator is used in the form of an endless tape and is cut off after the * stacking process.
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*Finalized cell stack is fixed with adhesive tape
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*The cell stack is finally fixed with adhesive tape.
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*Sheets are transported and positioned by vacuum grippers
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*The exact positioning of the individual sheets is considered as the central quality criterion.
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*Depending on cell specification, the cell stack consists of a specific number of individual layers
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*The sheets are usually transported and positioned by vacuum grippers.
 
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*Depending on the cell specification, a cell stack can consist of up to 120 individual layers.
 
  
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==Process parameters & requirements==
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===Process parameters & requirements===
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<gallery>
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File:Z-Falter Fraunhofer ISC.jpg|Z-Folder @ Fraunhofer ISC
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File:Z-Falter Fraunhofer ISC Progress.jpg|Z-Folder during stacking
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File:Z-Falter Fraunhofer ISC Result.jpg|Resulting electrode stack
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</gallery>
  
 
*Z-folding: Individual anode and cathode sheets are placed laterally in the Z-folded separator web
 
*Z-folding: Individual anode and cathode sheets are placed laterally in the Z-folded separator web
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*Single-sheet stacking: Separator is available as a sheet for stack formation
 
 
*Stacking accuracy: ± 200 μm - 300 μm
 
*Stacking accuracy: ± 200 μm - 300 μm
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*Z-folding and single-sheet stacking : cycle times of 1 s/sheet
 
  
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==Technology alternatives==
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===Technology alternatives===
  
 
*Lamination process: The individual electrode and separator sheets are laminated onto each other in a continuous process and are then usually pressed together by a heat press.
 
*Lamination process: The individual electrode and separator sheets are laminated onto each other in a continuous process and are then usually pressed together by a heat press.
 
*Pocket Stacking: The cathode sheets are placed in a separator pocket. Afterwards cathode and anode sheets are stacked alternately.
 
*Pocket Stacking: The cathode sheets are placed in a separator pocket. Afterwards cathode and anode sheets are stacked alternately.
  
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==Quality influences==
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===Quality influences===
  
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*Exact positioning of individual sheets as central quality criterion.
 
*Position detection and alignment of sheets of different sizes with a vacuum gripper
 
*Position detection and alignment of sheets of different sizes with a vacuum gripper
 
*Mechanical pre-tensioning of the separator
 
*Mechanical pre-tensioning of the separator
  
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==Quality features==
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===Quality features===
  
 
*Positioning accuracy of the anode and cathode sheets
 
*Positioning accuracy of the anode and cathode sheets
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*Avoidance of electrostatic charging
 
*Avoidance of electrostatic charging
  
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==Source==
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===Source===
 
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
 
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
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|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Vacuum Drying
 
|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Vacuum Drying
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}}{{Semantic Link
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|value=Battery value chain/Process/Cell manufacturing/Packaging
 
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Latest revision as of 04:17, 4 September 2022


Description

Production process

  • Separated electrode sheets are stacked in a repeating cycle of anode, separator, cathode, separator, etc.
  • Classic variant of stacking is the so-called Z-folding
  • Anode and cathode sheets are inserted alternately from the left and right into the z-shaped folded separator; separator is used as endless tape and cut off after the stacking process is completed
  • Finalized cell stack is fixed with adhesive tape
  • Sheets are transported and positioned by vacuum grippers
  • Depending on cell specification, the cell stack consists of a specific number of individual layers

Process parameters & requirements

  • Z-folding: Individual anode and cathode sheets are placed laterally in the Z-folded separator web
  • Stacking accuracy: ± 200 μm - 300 μm

Technology alternatives

  • Lamination process: The individual electrode and separator sheets are laminated onto each other in a continuous process and are then usually pressed together by a heat press.
  • Pocket Stacking: The cathode sheets are placed in a separator pocket. Afterwards cathode and anode sheets are stacked alternately.

Quality influences

  • Exact positioning of individual sheets as central quality criterion.
  • Position detection and alignment of sheets of different sizes with a vacuum gripper
  • Mechanical pre-tensioning of the separator

Quality features

  • Positioning accuracy of the anode and cathode sheets
  • Damage-free electrode surfaces and edges
  • Avoidance of electrostatic charging

Source

Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7


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