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| − | {{Semantic Element | + | {{GlossaryEntry}}{{Semantic Element |
| | |label=Cell manufacturing/Formation | | |label=Cell manufacturing/Formation |
| − | |description===Production process== | + | |description= |
| | + | ===Production process=== |
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| − | *The formation describes the first charging and discharging processes of the battery cell. | + | *Formation is first charging and discharging processes of the cell |
| − | *For formation, the cells are put in special good carriers in formation racks and contacted by spring-loaded contact pins. | + | *Cells are stored in formation racks and contacted by spring-loaded contact pins |
| − | *The cells are then charged or discharged according to precisely defined current and voltage curves. | + | *Cells are charged / discharged according to predefined current and voltage curves |
| − | *During formation, lithium ions are embedded in the crystal structure of the graphite on the anode side. Here the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) is formed, which creates a interface layer between the electrolyte and the electrode. | + | *During formation, lithium ions are embedded in the crystal structure of the graphite on the anode side which leads to formation of the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI); SEI creates an interface layer between electrolyte and electrode |
| − | *The parameters during formation vary depending on the cell manufacturer and have a high impact on cell performance. They depend on the cell concept and chemistry and represent the core knowledge of a cell manufacturer. | + | *Parameters during formation have high impact on cell performance |
| − | *In some cases, pouch cells in particular are pressurised during formation by special good carriers.
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| − | ==Process parameters & requirements== | + | ===Process parameters & requirements=== |
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| − | *First charge: approx. 0.1 C - 0.5 C; State of Charge (SOC) approx. 20 % - 80 % | + | *First charge: approx. 0.1 C - 0.5 C; SOC approx. 20 % - 80 % |
| | *Successive increase in C-rates with each charging and discharging cycle | | *Successive increase in C-rates with each charging and discharging cycle |
| − | *Duration of formation process: up to 24 h | + | *Duration: up to 24 h |
| | *Low contact resistances at the spring-loaded contact pins | | *Low contact resistances at the spring-loaded contact pins |
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| − | ==Technology alternatives== | + | ===Technology alternatives=== |
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| − | *There are different procedures for the formation depending on the cell manufacturer and cell chemistry. | + | *Different formation procedures |
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| − | ==Quality influences== | + | ===Quality influences=== |
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| | *Orientation of the cells | | *Orientation of the cells |
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| | *Pressurisation, especially of pouch cells | | *Pressurisation, especially of pouch cells |
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| − | ==Quality features== | + | ===Quality features=== |
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| | *Formation of the SEI layer | | *Formation of the SEI layer |
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| | *Internal resistance of the cell | | *Internal resistance of the cell |
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| − | ==Source== | + | ===Source=== |
| | Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7 | | Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7 |
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| | |relations={{Semantic Link | | |relations={{Semantic Link |
| | |property=Has predecessor | | |property=Has predecessor |