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From KIproBatt Wiki
updated from EOL_Testing
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{{Semantic Element
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{{GlossaryEntry}}{{Semantic Element
 
|label=Cell manufacturing/EOL Testing
 
|label=Cell manufacturing/EOL Testing
|description===Production process==
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|description=
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===Production process===
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*Before the cells leave the factory, they are tested in an EOL test rig.
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*After finalizing the cell production, cells are tested in an End-Of-Line (EOL) testing process
*The cells are removed from the good carriers in the aging racks and fed to the testing station.
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*Cells are transferred from their aging storage location to the testing station
*Here they are discharged to the shipping state of charge (capacity measurement).
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*EOL testing process may include the following tests:
*Depending on the manufacturer, pulse tests, internal resistance measurements (DC), optical inspections, OCV tests and leakage tests are carried out.
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**Capacity measurements (i.e., discharge to state of charge (SOC) of transport),
*After testing, many cell manufacturers sort the cells according to their performance data (grading).
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**Pulse tests,
*Once the tests have been completed passed successfully, the cells can be packed and shipped.
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**Internal resistance measurements (DC),
*For transport, the cells are usually provided with a plastic cover and stacked in a cardboard box.
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**Optical inspections,  
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**OCV tests,
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**Leakage tests,
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**...
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*Sorting of cells according to EOL results (i.e., performance grading)
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*Packaging and transportation to customer
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==Process parameters & requirements==
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*State of charge of the cell for shipping: 5 % - 20 % SOC
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===Process parameters & requirements===
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*SOC for transportation: 5 % - 20 % SOC
 
*Permissible loss rate: < 5 mV per week
 
*Permissible loss rate: < 5 mV per week
 
*Increased loss rate: > 5mV per week may indicate e.g. cell-internal short circuits
 
*Increased loss rate: > 5mV per week may indicate e.g. cell-internal short circuits
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==Technology alternatives==
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===Technology alternatives===
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*Different test sequences and durations exist depending on the cell manufacturer.
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*Different test sequences and durations
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==Quality influences==
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===Quality influences===
    
*Cell handling
 
*Cell handling
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==Quality characteristics==
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===Quality characteristics===
    
*Low self-discharge
 
*Low self-discharge
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*Constant capacity
 
*Constant capacity
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==Source==
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===Source===
 
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
 
Heimes, H.H.; Kampker, A.; Lienemann, C.; Locke, M.; Offermanns, C.; Michaelis, S.; Rahimzei, E. (2018) ''Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Production Process''; PEM of RWTH Aachen and VDMA, 3rd Edition, ISBN:978-3-947920-03-7
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|relations={{Semantic Link
 
|relations={{Semantic Link
 
|property=Has predecessor
 
|property=Has predecessor
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